However, compared to males, females had a higher prevalence of hypertension and cardiac disease, elevated BMI, TyG index, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglyceride levels, lower prevalence of COPD, GSP, ALT, Hb, WBC count, total bilirubin, and Cre levels, shorter PT and duration of anesthesia, and received lesser volumes of crystalloid and colloid solutions (all P < 0.05). The gene discussed is GPT; the disease is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.