AFP and hemoglobin measurement: In the HB group, Serum levels of PIVKA-II and AFP in patients with advanced HB (n = 75) were significantly higher than those in patients with non-advanced HB (n = 23), PIVKA-II: 2229.376 ± 5300.046 mAU/mL vs 172.413 ± 219.713 mAU/mL, p = 0.001; AFP: 13,082.426 ± 23,507.643 ng/mL vs 4833.033 ± 10,733.654 ng/mL, p = 0.021 (Fig. 2e, f).