To examine the impact of BA treatments on TGF-β signalling in this HGSC tumour model, we performed immunoblotting with phosphorylation-specific Smad2/3 (pSmad2/3) or pan-Smad2/3 antibodies on lysates from ascites cells (Fig. 2e; α-Actinin served as a loading control). Here, SMAD2 is linked to neoplasm.