In the progression of adenocarcinomas, MUC1-C regulates effectors of chronic inflammation, including (i) pattern recognition receptors (PRR) that induce IFNa/b production, (ii) STAT1 with activation of the type I/II IFN pathways, and (iii) IFN-stimulated genes (ISG) that contribute to DNA damage resistance and immune evasion (18, 20, 25–27). Here, IFNA1 is linked to adenocarcinoma.