In mice, loss of CX43 and CX37 led to lethal chylothorax, lymphedema, and bloody lymphatic vessels in the intestine and skin despite normal blood vasculature structure, whereas the lymphatic-specific ablation of CX43 resulted in a delay in lymphatic vessel formation — with fewer lymphatic valves that were immature and leaky due to incomplete leaflet elongation — but also lethal chylothorax (128, 129). This evidence concerns the gene GJA4 and Chylothorax.