In addition, low ICOS expression indicated high‐grade NSCLC progression in the T stage, while high PD-L1 expression indicated high-grade in the N stage, which is consistent with one report of 144 patients with lung cancer, which showed that PD-L1 expression in NSCLC was associated with a higher N stage, but not the T and M stages 30. This evidence concerns the gene ICOS and non-small cell lung carcinoma.