Identification of pleiotropic risk loci (7p12, 10p14, 6q27, and 10p12) and genes (IKZF1, GATA3, IKZF3, GSDMB, and ORMDL3) shared between diseases suggested shared mechanisms, such as B cell activation and JAK-STAT pathway, common triggers like EBV infection. Here, IKZF3 is linked to Epstein-Barr virus infection.