Four significantly differentially expressed lncRNAs between our study groups with and without DM, namely NEAT1, MIR100HG, HIF1A-AS3, and MIR29B2CHG, have already been associated with CVDs32,41–48, mainly with the proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and phenotypic switch of SMCs (Table 3)41,46,47,49–51. The gene discussed is HIF1A; the disease is diabetes mellitus.