Furthermore, more anti-CD11b-modified NPs accumulated at the tumor site than unmodified NPs from 4 to 24 h because of the rapid circulation of neutrophils in the blood and the inflammatory microenvironment in the tumor, as shown in Fig. 4B. According to the ex vivo tissue images, the relative fluorescence intensity of postoperative tumor sites in the anti-CD11b-modified NPs was 3.6 times higher than that in the unmodified group at 24 h. Here, ITGAM is linked to neoplasm.