Taking all this into consideration, we unraveled a role for chemokine receptors in cofilin pathology and synaptic dysfunction, of which PrPC serves as a co-receptor, and we propose that targeting CCR5 constitutes a promising therapeutic approach, not only for LBD but also for AD or HAND (HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders), where rods, synaptic dysfunction and cognitive impairment were reported [22, 31, 62, 63]. Here, CFL1 is linked to Alzheimer disease.