Heatmap in Fig. 4D details the top 30 most pronounced DEGs in HDM-CS, with upregulated genes including COPD marker Mmp12, type 2 marker Il13, eosinophil gene Car6, acute reactant Saa4, and Npy. Downregulated genes include those in ECM formation (Fbn2), protease inhibition (Cst8), and vascular regulation (Apold1). Here, APOLD1 is linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.