MTOR and colorectal carcinoma: In a study done by Umar et al., nanocubosomes weresynthesized with encapsulated cisplatin and a cisplatin-metforminmixture for testing on CRC cells HCT-116.160 Comparing nanocubosomal formulation to free cisplatin, the formershowed a more potent cytotoxic impact.161,162 The additionof metformin, a type of indirect mTOR inhibitor, to cisplatin nanocubosomes,significantly increased the cytotoxic impact.