CD163 and colitis: The high expression of CD163 indicates that ORFV promotes an M2 phenotype in macrophages, which are considered tumor-promoting.30 In this context, it was demonstrated in transgenic mice that CD163+ macrophages expressing EGFR are essential in hepatocarcinogenesis, and their presence has powerful prognostic value.18 Similarly, the severity of activated tumor-promoting macrophage infiltration in colitis-associated carcinogenesis is modulated by EGFR signaling, such that myeloid EGFR knockout mice exhibit decreased tumoral growth associated with impaired angiogenesis.13