Additionally, compound 1 (procyanidin B2) activated fatty acid oxidation regulators, PPARα and CPT1A, and suppressed fatty acid synthesis by downregulating fatty acid synthase (FAS) expression, emphasizing its potential role in modulating obesity-related markers in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. This evidence concerns the gene FAS and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.