Previously, we reported that feeding young (seven-week-old, prior to the onset of obesity) fa/fa Zucker rats soy protein concentrate (SPC) with low or high isoflavone (LIF or HIF) for 18 weeks during the development of obesity reduced liver LPS staining and liver expression of LBP and proinflammatory proteins including TNF-α, MCP-1, and iNOS without reducing body mass [22]. Here, TNF is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.