NANOG and lung cancer: CGA (2–50 μM) can suppress the progression of human lung cancer cell line A549 by increasing the levels of annexin-V, Bax, and CASP3, activating p38 and Jun, and decreasing Bcl-2 and tumor stem cell markers including NANOG, POU5F1, and SOX2, indicating multiple kinase pathways and ROS signaling underlying CGA-mediated anti-lung cancer activity [286].