BCR and breast carcinoma: Premenopausal women emphasized a weak association between estrogen, progesterone or sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels and a positive association between androgens and breast cancer risk (BCR), while in postmenopausal women, higher estrogen and androgen levels were associated with an increase in BCR, whereas higher SHBG levels were inversely correlated with BCR [28].