HSPA5 and Parkinson disease: Similar neuroprotective effects of elevating GRP78 via its overexpression in the SNpc have been shown in α-syn pathology models in rats [30,38], the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) PD model in mice [56], and the rotenone PD model in rats [57].