TGFB1 and endometriosis: These findings suggest that LPS derived from gram-negative bacteria may directly contribute to the inflammation and angiogenesis of endometriosis by influencing the regulation of NF-κB and VEGF in ECs in our in vitro study, although our results showed that Ki-67, TGF-β, fibronectin, and vimentin exhibited no significant changes at both the mRNA and protein levels.