Our study indicated that the protein expression of the TGF-β-positive area and the mRNA levels of TGF-β increased in the endometriosis group compared with the control group within the peritoneal cavity, as depicted in Figure 4F and Figure 6E. Similarly, trends were observed in the protein expression of the TGF-β-positive area and the mRNA expression of TGF-β in the peritoneum, as depicted in Figure 5F and Figure 6F. Elevated estradiol levels lead to the activation of peritoneal macrophages and subsequent inflammation in the abdominal cavity [135]. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is endometriosis.