TF and COVID-19: In the GSE171110 dataset, the TF module displayed remarkable performance in predicting severe COVID-19 (AUC = 0.88) compared to the C4-Ab predictor (AUC = 0.67), while the C4-Ab showed the highest performance (AUC = 0.7) compared to the TF module (AUC = 0.66) in the GSE157103 dataset (Figure 7).