IL4 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: In ALS, immune and glial cells produce various cytokines, and pro-inflammatory ones, like interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-8, IL-17, IL-33, and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), contribute to neuroinflammation, while anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-11, IL-13, IL-35, and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), exert protective effects [4,16,17,18,19].