CSF3 and myocardial infarction: For instance, although granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is believed to be able to mobilize bone marrow stem cells to repair the ischemia-damaged myocardium through vasculogenesis [176], previous clinical trials failed to demonstrate any functional benefits of G-CSF administration both in patients with severe chronic ischemic heart disease [176] and in those with myocardial infarction after a relatively short follow-up period [177].