IL6 and Insulin resistance: Fu et al. investigated associations between SP, interleukin 6 (IL-6), and c-reactive protein (CRP) with T2DM and found higher SP, IL-6, and CRP concentrations, higher values of homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in obese patients with T2DM and a positive correlation between body mass index (BMI), logHOMA-IR, and SP [27].