To our knowledge, ours is the first attempt at exploring in vivo CSF levels of eNOS and nNOS in patients with a diagnosis of AD, and our results seem to confirm and expand previous findings on the involvement of NOS in neurodegenerative processes and highlight the importance of APOE genotype, which plays a crucial role in modulating both detrimental and compensatory mechanisms that impact on AD pathophysiology. Here, NOS1 is linked to Alzheimer disease.