In 2023, Zapata-Cobo et al. showed that the heterozygous variant (rs10508884 CC + CT) of gene CXCL12 and the homozygous variants of genes ATG16L1 (rs2241880 AA) and PHATCR3 (rs6100556 TT) were associated with long-term non-response to anti-TNF biologics in a Spanish pediatric cohort with IBD. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and inflammatory bowel disease.