For example, with CSF-2 (known as granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, GM-CSF), knock-out mice show reduced neutrophil function [9], and CSF-1 (known as macrophage colony-stimulating factor, M-CSF) has been observed to increase the Th1/Th2 ratio in ovarian cancer patients [10]. This evidence concerns the gene CSF1 and ovarian carcinoma.