CASP9 and renal cell carcinoma: In comparison to the control group, pterostilbene (PTE) increased the expression levels of pro-apoptotic proteins Bax, Cleaved-Caspase 3, and Cleaved-Caspase 9 in human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells and reduced the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, indicating that PTE’s inhibitory effect on RCC cell growth may be attributed to the induction of apoptosis [23].