AKT1 and endothelial dysfunction: Specifically, the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), NADPH quinone oxidoreductase (NQO-1), glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC), Phospho-Akt (p-Akt), and Phospho-eNOS (p-eNOS) expression levels were enhanced by sinapic acid, easing endothelial dysfunction [71].