Salis et al. have observed that the effects of NDRG1 on the in vitro migration of MCF-7 breast cancer cells are regulated by the TGF-β pathway: NDRG1 mRNA expression levels were reduced after treatment with TGF-β1, but treatment with the cholesterol-reducing agent fluvastatin inhibited the migration of the TGF-β1-treated cells and increased NDRG1 expression [41]. Here, NDRG1 is linked to breast carcinoma.