Therefore, bacterial dysbiosis would affect generating changes at three levels: at the extracellular level (changes in pH lead to an increase in free radicals due to increased oxidative stress, as well as an increase in TNFα and interleukins, among others); in signaling pathways (notably, the inhibition of p53); and in DNA (such as the promotion of tumor development and mutations). The gene discussed is TP53; the disease is neoplasm.