Interestingly, the ZNF143 protein was associated with increased levels of CD8+ TILs and high levels of tumour mutational burden (TMB) both in patients with COPD and NSCLC, thus highlighting its potential role as a predictive biomarker for good responses to ICI when a patient is affected by both diseases [54]. The gene discussed is CD8A; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.