The percentage expression of PAFR significantly upregulated in the small airway epithelium in IPF lung tissue (median 8.33%, range 3.80–42.7%) compared to NC lung tissue (median 1.43%, range 0.352–5.85, p < 0.0001) (Figure 3B). This evidence concerns the gene PTAFR and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.