HAMP and anemia (phenotype): A potential impact of anabolic hormones (IGF-1, testosterone, TSH, T3, T4) on hepcidin regulation and the expression of progenitor cells involved in hematopoiesis has been recorded [132] The late-onset hypogonadism in andropausal elderly males and hypoestrogenism in postmenopausal elderly females are the hormonal factors that potentially contribute to anemia development.