APOB and systemic lupus erythematosus: In this regard, it has been reported that SLE patients exhibit a profound alteration in lipoprotein metabolism pathways characterized by an increase in serum levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), apolipoprotein B (ApoB), and LDL-c and reduced HDL-c and apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) [16,21].