TNF and systemic lupus erythematosus: The mechanism by which they accomplish this is through the secretion of adiponectin, leptin, resistin, IFN-I, TNF-α, interleukin 1 (IL-1), IL-6, and plasmin activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1), which are cytokines that take part in cellular intercommunication and act as master regulators of inflammation and metabolism that could influence the metabolic dysregulation in SLE and MetS [5,42].