DES and familial dilated cardiomyopathy: ACM-causing mutations have also been identified in genes outside the desmosome, including phospholamban (PLN) [5,63], filamin C (FLNC) [9,27,28], desmin (DES) [64], titin (TTN) [27], and lamin A/C (LMNA) [27], which are linked with other cardiomyopathies, including DCM and neuromuscular cardiomyopathies.