Macrophages within the glomeruli obviously lacked expression of CD163, whereas those in the proximal space outside the glomeruli showed high expression of CD163, as shown in Fig. 3A, which was from a 39-year-old woman with 1 year of stage IV + V lupus nephritis (LN patient 5 in Supplementary Table 1). Here, CD163 is linked to lobular neoplasia.