BRCA1 and breast carcinoma: A large Italian study, the most recent of several from the consortium, tested 767 BRCA1/2-negative MBCs and 1349 male controls for an extended panel of 50 genes.5 Although their headline rate was 4.8% (n=37), this dropped to only 18 (2.3%) if only definitive breast cancer genes3 4 were included (2 PVs were also found in NF1 which is also associated outside case control studies but is not usually in breast cancer gene panels).