INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: The resultant increase in the intracellular ATP:ADP ratio leads to the closure of ATP-sensitive potassium channels and recruitment of extracellular calcium, followed by endoplasmic reticulum calcium release, eventually leading to insulin secretion.1 Drugs that target components of this established pathway (e.g., sulfonylureas that block the potassium channels) are widely used as T2D medications.5