When compared to the previous analysis (median follow-up, 24.4 months) in patients enrolled in Japan [6], the HR estimates for OS and PFS in the pembrolizumab–chemotherapy group versus the placebo–chemotherapy group were similar in all randomly assigned patients (OS: 0.70 and 0.71; PFS: 0.57 and 0.58) and in patients with ESCC (OS: 0.67 and 0.69; PFS: 0.56 and 0.57), PD-L1 CPS ≥ 10 (OS: 0.54 and 0.58; PFS: 0.36 and 0.36), and ESCC PD-L1 CPS ≥ 10 (OS: 0.51 and 0.55; PFS: not assessed). Here, CD274 is linked to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.