Franken et al., 2022 revealed a decrease in anti-inflammatory resident alveolar macrophages and an increase in pro-inflammatory 'M1-like' monocytes (expressing TNF, IL-1B, IL-6, IL-23A, and GM-CSF receptor CSF2RA, CSF2RB) in BALF from ICI-ILD compared with controls. Taken together with this report, the CD14+ CCR2+ CCR5+ monocytes we found may be an M1-like monocyte. Here, IL23A is linked to interstitial lung disease.