However, whether the increased bronchoalveolar fluid levels of IL‐6 observed in ARDS are causally associated with lung injury or a byproduct or prevent lung injury remains controversial, and as an example of this complexity, IL‐6 seems to be crucial for both protection and lung repair in models of lung injury caused by influenza (Dienz et al., 2012). The gene discussed is IL6; the disease is influenza.