LDHB and neuromuscular disease caused by qualitative or quantitative defects of dystrophin: These effects are strictly associated with dystrophin deficiency; indeed, BMD patients maintain mitochondrial capacity using long-chain fatty acids as the energy source [38] and upregulate l-lactate dehydrogenase B chain (LDHB) and cytosolic malate dehydrogenase (MDH) according to the Warburg effect to keep reasonable ATP levels.