Higher levels of hGDNF (OR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.11-1.39, P-value = 0.0002) were associated with an increased risk of peripheral vascular complications, and there was no evidence of a significant association between CX3CL1 and complications of type 2 diabetes. The gene discussed is CX3CL1; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.