TNF and Sepsis: Univariate analysis showed (Table 2 and Supplementary Table S2, Supplementary Figure S1) that patients with sepsis-related ARDS who died within 28 days had higher SOFA scores at baseline, higher rates of vasoactive drug use, worse oxygenation indices, ARDS severity more frequently in the moderate to severe range, and higher WBC counts and neutrophil counts as well as higher levels of PCT, CRP, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-17A.