Current studies have confirmed that IH associated with OSA leads to a secondary inflammatory response, oxidative stress injury, immune dysfunction, and tumor-related gene mutations; upregulates the expression of various signaling molecules, such as PD-L1 and VEGF; and induces the proliferation and differentiation of TAMs, CSCs, and endothelial cells. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.