Several lipid abnormalities have been described in JSLE, including dyslipidemia with elevated triglyceride (TG) and LDL levels, decreased levels of HDL and apolipoprotein-A1 (Apo-A1), and an increased abundance of dysfunctional proinflammatory HDL, which lacks the antioxidant capacity of conventional cardioprotective HDL (23, 29–31). The gene discussed is APOA1; the disease is metabolic syndrome.