ELISA showed significantly increased CHI3L1 and CHI3L3 levels in the Ly6G+ compared to the Ly6G− fraction from untreated primary tumors (Fig. 3G), and CHI3L1 levels significantly decreased in both the Ly6G+ (Fig. 3H) and even the low CHI3L1-expressing Ly6G− primary tumor fraction upon chitin treatment (Fig. 3I). This evidence concerns the gene CHI3L1 and neoplasm.