ATG12 and skin squamous cell carcinoma: Moreover, previous studies showed that HOXA9 accelerated the apoptosis process of primary muscle satellite cells by affecting atrophic Signaling pathways [50] and negatively regulated downstream anti-apoptosis and autophagy-promoting genes (including BCL-XL, ULK1, ATG3 and ATG12) of NF-κB to promote the apoptosis of skin squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) cells and inhibit autophagy [51].