We have shown that NRDC expression produces slightly higher levels of p41Plk3 compared with expression of NRDC or p72Plk3 mutants (Fig. 3k); thus, reduced tumor burden in NRDC-overexpressing mice is likely due to increased expression of p41Plk3 generated from NRDC cleavage, and endopeptidase activity of NRDC is required for Plk3-mediated suppression of PDAC. This evidence concerns the gene PLK3 and neoplasm.