PPARA and Hyperglycemia: In fasting, renal gluconeogenic gene expression in PPARα−/−/HFD mice was concurrently suppressed compared with that in WT/HFD mice, whereas hepatic gluconeogenic gene expression was maintained (Figure 3G,H), suggesting that BHB-induced renal gluconeogenic gene transactivation substantially contributes to fasting hyperglycemia in WT/HFD mice.